Python OOPS — Is Python fully OOPS based?

Python is often described as an “object-oriented” programming language because it supports the fundamental principles of object-oriented programming (OOP), such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. However, Python’s implementation of OOP is more flexible and dynamic than in some other strictly-typed, statically-typed languages like Java or C++.

Here are some key aspects to consider

Classes and Objects: Python allows you to define classes and create objects (instances) from those classes. You can define attributes (data) and methods (functions) within classes, and you can create objects to work with these attributes and methods.

Inheritance : Python supports class inheritance, allowing you to create subclasses that inherit attributes and methods from a base class. You can use inheritance to create hierarchies of related classes.

Encapsulation : Python allows you to encapsulate attributes by marking them as private (e.g., self._attribute) and defining getter and setter methods to control access. However, Python does not enforce strict access control, so it's more of a naming convention.

Polymorphism : Python supports polymorphism, allowing objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common base class. This allows you to write more flexible and generic code.

Method Overriding : You can override methods in subclasses to provide specific implementations. Python allows you to use the super() function to call a method from the base class.

Duck Typing : Python uses a dynamic typing system and adheres to the principle of “duck typing.” This means that the type or class of an object is determined at runtime, based on the object’s behavior (methods it supports) rather than a statically declared type.

Mixins : Python supports multiple inheritance, allowing a class to inherit from multiple base classes. This can be used to compose classes with different features.

Operator Overloading : Python allows you to define special methods (e.g., __add__, __str__) in your classes to customize the behavior of built-in operators when working with objects.

First-Class Functions : Python treats functions as first-class citizens, which means you can use functions as arguments, return values, and store them in data structures. This is a feature often associated with functional programming but complements OOP.

Python’s flexible approach to OOP makes it possible to use object-oriented principles when desired, but it doesn’t force a rigid, strictly-typed, or heavyweight OOP model.

This flexibility allows developers to choose the programming paradigm that best fits their needs, whether it’s traditional OOP, procedural programming, or functional programming.